This is a difficult one. I would drop an apple core on the grass verge for birds to eat because i think it is wasteful to throw it in the bin. I would never throw a crisp packet on the grass verge. However, how is a litter warden to know that i am not a habitual litter thrower?
The answer is obvious. Distinguish between litter and disgarded biodegradable material. Obviously, take into consideration where the matter is deposited - for example throwing it on the pavement or road might cause a slipping hazard.
But we should clamp down hard on people who throw litter on the pavements and roads - and that includes cigarette ends.